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ESE Framework 1.1 documentation

Intro:

  • Introduction
  • MSP4BIO
  • Glossary

Elements:

  • Management Needs
    • Strengthening Conservation
    • Balancing between economics and conservation
    • Integrated management of marine ecosystems
    • Stakeholder engagement, participation, co-creation
  • MSP Stages
    • Starting the process
    • Assessing the context and defining a vision
    • Analyzing existing and future conditions
    • Identifying key issues
    • Elaborating the plan
    • Implementing
    • Monitoring
    • Assessment
    • Revision
  • ESE Modules
    • Policy solutions
    • ESE1 - Ecological toolkit
    • ESE2 - Criteria for the representation of the social and economic dimension of MPAs
    • ESE3 - Trade-offs method for protections and restoration in MSP
    • ESE3 - Nature-inclusive operation of blue economy sectors
  • Questions
    • Q 61 - How can reliability/accuracy of the spatial data for MPA identification be improved?
    • Q 64 - How to deal with knowledge gaps on impacts of maritime activities, including cumulative impacts?
    • Q 63 - How to deal with knowledge gaps on socio-economic data, including the spatial dimension?
    • Q 62 - How to deal with knowledge gaps related to water column data to support establishment of conservation measures offshore?
    • Q 65 - How can we assess CC impacts on fishing stocks (e.g. cod and sprat) and develop strategies to protect these species across different life stages (e.g. focusing on nurseries and fishing grounds)?
    • Q 24 - How do MPA policies intersect with MSP?
    • Q 25 - How to integrate the process of MPA designation or extension in MSP?
    • Q 27 - Are there good practices of MPA-MSP integration in terms of governance?
    • Q 26 - How to take OECM into consideration in MSP where no legal instruments are in place?
    • Q 34 - How to achieve the strict protection area target of 10% by 2030 in marine areas?
    • Q 38 - How to address ecological functionalities in conservation objectives?
    • Q 47 - How to address the different scales of management (MSP-MPA) in an ESE framework?
    • Q 54 - How to anticipate and address climate change within MPA?
    • Q 55 - How to anticipate and address climate change within a MPA network?
    • Q 56 - How to anticipate changes in biotopes due to climate change?
    • Q 57 - How to prioritize areas to be protected in view of climate changes (including shertered areas)?
    • Q 60 - What is the impact of CC on deep ecosystems?
    • Q 59 - What is the impact of CC on marine mammals?
    • Q 35 - How to assess and develop scenarios for MPA networks representativeness, ecological coherence, adequacy, comprehensiveness and connectivity. also in transboundary contexts?
    • Q 28 - How to create/increase stakeholder knowledge, awareness and engagement on MPAs and MSP?
    • Q 29 - How to assess stakeholders’ satisfaction in a MSP/MPA process?
    • Q 32 - How to create a culture of collaboration among MSP, MPA and sector responsible institutions?
    • Q 30 - How to demostrate the effectiveness of conservation measures to stakeholders?
    • Q 31 - How to move from participation to engagement and co-creation, transforming participation in a cultural behaviour?
    • Q 9 - How to effectively manage conservation areas including both terrestrial and marine zones?
    • Q 12 - How to evaluate cumulative impacts in MSP and MPA?
    • Q 53 - How to identify and analyze the main conflict areas between human uses and the environment?
    • Q 8 - How to identify and analyze the main conflict area that may arise if we need to expand marine protected areas in response to sensitive habitats, ecological connectivity or other valuable ecological as
    • Q 11 - How to integrate socio-econonomic objectives in assessment of existing MPA (network) and identification of new MPAs?
    • Q 46 - Hot to identify compensation measures and how to assess their effectiveness?
    • Q 45 - How to assess economic impacts of conservation measures?
    • Q 13 - How to evaluate trade-offs in MSP and MPA designation process?
    • Q 16 - How to prioritize areas for conservation (designation of new MPAs)?
    • Q 17 - How to identify priority areas for conservation of pelagic biodiversity?
    • Q 18 - How to identify priority areas for preserving/restoring reef-forming species such as oysters Lanice conchilega or mussels?
    • Q 6 - What are the priority areas for preserving from climate change effects the reef-former Lanice conchilega?
    • Q 37 - How to maintain local retention / population persistence within the MPA?
    • Q 36 - How to maintain mobile species persistence (and connectivity) and population/community persistence (passive connectivity) across a transboundary MPA?
    • Q 58 - How to protect vulnerable species against climatic stressors?
    • Q 33 - What are the environmental legislation/criteria guidance for MPA designation including socio-economic criteria (Commission’s SWD, EU Directives, IUCN, new criteria UNCLOS?)
    • Q 7 - How to protect deep Vulnerable marine Ecosystems (VMEs) (strategies, measures, etc.)?
    • Q 50 - How can deep-water VMEs be effectively identified and conserved with regards to anthropogenic impacts arising from human activities?
    • Q 51 - How can we minimize the impact of bottom trawling on the growth and survival of gorgonians and other cold water corals located in the NWMED deep-water VMEs?
    • Q 10 - How to protect marine mammals?
    • Q 49 - How to manage cross-border MPAs for cetaceans conservation?
    • Q 48 - How to reduce risks (e.g. of collision) and impacts (e.g. from noise pollution) on key cetacean species, particularly during the breeding season and in sensitive areas?
    • Q 52 - How to protect pelagic habitats?
    • Q 41 - What are the main objectives and elements of monitoring programs for MPAs?
    • Q 43 - How to monitor Ecosystem Services highlighting their linkages to the different high priority socio-economic criteria identified in each site?
    • Q 42 - What monitoring approach can be taken for extensive MPA networks, expecially offshore ones?
    • Q 39 - What criteria are available to assess sustainability of maritime uses?
    • Q 14 - How to assess compatibility of maritime uses and MPA conservation objectives? How to prioritize uses?
  • Practices
    • [Not Related to Any Practice]
    • Scoping
    • Data collection and presentation
    • Analysis and diagnosis
    • Prioritisation and designation
    • Implementation and management
    • Monitoring and evaluation
  • Policy solutions
    • Establishing a dedicated coordination framework for marine biodiversity
  • Criteria classes
    • Ecological and genetic criteria
    • Functional
    • Vulnerability
    • Stability
    • Functional hotspots
    • Life cycle critical areas
    • Climate-smart potential
    • Structural
    • Genetic
    • Ecological status
    • Socio–economic & governance criteria
    • Socio–economic criteria
    • Blue Economy
    • Culture
    • Human wellbeing
    • Education and science
    • Governance criteria
    • Strategic management
    • Planning
    • Information, knowledge and evaluation
  • Criteria
    • Traits-based Adaptivity
    • Sensitivity
    • Resilience/Recovery
    • Resistance
    • Species Vulnerability to Climatic and Anthropogenic stressors
    • Ecosystem Integrity
    • General Adaptivity
    • Stability
    • Redundancy
    • Food web structure
    • Presence of key functional species
    • Key functional areas
    • Functionally representative areas
    • Functional hotspots
    • Developmental and feeding/foraging habitats/areas
    • Life cycle critical areas
    • Refuge areas
    • Steppingstone areas
    • Ecological corridors/migration routes
    • Recruitment areas
    • Nursery and breeding grounds
    • Larval sources and spawning aggregation areas
    • Concentrative Potential of Species of interest
    • Potential for mitigation
    • Climate-smart potential
    • Potential for Adaptation
    • Connectivity Potential
    • Climatic stability
    • Area important because it allows access to relevant areas for the marine users.
    • Area important for locally-caught seafood
    • Area important for the generation of employment and income linked to non traditional activities
    • Area important for fishery activity
    • Area important for dredging
    • Area important because of the presence of structure with significant historical and cultural. (mo
    • Area of high scientific interest
    • Area important for educational interest
    • Area important because of the occurrence of iconic species/habitats for the local community
    • Area important for thehealth of coastal residents and/or resource users (mental health, physical hea
    • Area important due to the socio-cultural dependence of the coastal community with its environ
    • Area important to be managed due to the presence ofspatial conflicts among users
    • Area important because of the presence of cultural symbolic value
    • Area important for recreation and leisure
    • Area important because of the presence of cultural and tradition activities that support local fo
    • Area important for traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of
    • Area with high scenic and/or aesthetic value
    • Area important for shipping
    • Area is important for the development of blue economy activities
    • Area with current/potential importance to explore and demonstrate approaches and management solution
    • Equity
    • Clear strategic plan for the development of sustainable blue economy
    • Cross-border cooperation
    • Decision making is based on best information and knowledge available
    • Strategic Environmental Assessment
    • Monitoring and evaluation
    • Instruments to ensure and guide development and implementation of marine policies
    • Sustainable fishing management
    • Climate change measures established
    • Ecosystem based management approach
    • Long term strategic adaptive management
    • Coherence management of the area
    • Stakeholder participation
  • Measures
    • Measures by classification
      • Environmentally friendly label
      • Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
      • Organic fish farming regulations
      • Fishing practices limits
      • Optimize land use
      • Collaborative farming initiatives
      • Target species restrictions
      • Closed areas and closed seasons
      • Irregular closures for periodic harvesting
      • Changes in permitted activities
      • Minimum size/weight restrictions
      • Static gear
      • Membership of fishing cooperative
      • Fisheries management recognizing traditional knowledge
      • Industrial fishery restrictions
      • Local knowledge
      • Assessment of plans and projects
      • Adaptive Risk Management
      • Comprehensive investigations
      • Habitat Feature Sensitivity Matrices
      • Ecosystem Service Tools
      • Implement effective monitoring practices
      • Facilitate stakeholder engagement
      • Buffer zones
      • Avoid major migration corridors and sensitive habitats
      • Local knowledge
      • Assessment of plans and projects
      • Comprehensive investigations
      • Ecosystem Service Tools
      • leaving infrastructure with ecological community
      • Fishing practices limits
      • Optimize land use
      • Facilitate stakeholder engagement
      • Criteria for fishing permissions
      • Buffer zones
      • Membership of fishing cooperative
      • Fisheries management recognizing traditional knowledge
      • Avoid major migration corridors and sensitive habitats
      • Sea Garden Community
      • Environmental performance reports
      • Code of Good Practice
      • Agreement among artisanal fish farming
      • Temporary reserve area
      • Study the environment
      • Inclusive design
      • Circular Economy
      • New solutions
      • Minimize sediment resuspension and noise
      • Burying/shielding cables
      • Quantitative analysis
      • Voluntary Initiative for Information Sharing
      • Nature enhancement
      • Burying submarine cables
      • Vegetable-based hydraulic fluids
      • Vulnerable species assessment
      • Miminizing the use of slack or loose tether
      • Long lifespan of structures
      • Noise-deflecting devices
      • Use of new devices
      • Gear marking
      • Notify authority in advance
      • Alternative installation methods
      • Bird-scaring lines or Tori lines
      • Grid connections
      • Turbine layouts
      • Exclusion zones in archaeological features
      • Exclusion zones for sensitive features
      • Protocols of safe operation
      • Safety distance of the ETP and VME
      • Physical barriers
      • Closed areas to different levels of fishing
      • Benthic protection areas bottom trawling
      • Educational awareness
      • Environmental performance reports
      • Plan and implement protected areas
      • Seabed mapping
      • Ensure no adverse effects
      • Code for environmental management
      • Decommission
      • Regional Environmental Management Plans
      • Protocols of safe operation
      • Mapping habitats
      • Involvement of local communities
      • Vessel mapping updated cartography
      • Sensitivity maps
      • Zoning scheme
      • Benthic protection areas bottom trawling
      • Educational awareness
      • Seabed mapping
      • Ensure no adverse effects
      • Study the environment
      • Inclusive design
      • Means for the returning of a species
      • Decommission
      • Regional Environmental Management Plans
      • Nature enhancement
      • Long lifespan of structures
      • Mapping habitats
      • Involvement of local communities
      • Sensitivity maps
      • Closed areas to different levels of fishing
    • Measures by sectors
      • Local knowledge
      • Environmentally friendly label
      • Assessment of plans and projects
      • Sea Garden Community
      • Adaptive Risk Management
      • Educational awareness
      • Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
      • Organic fish farming regulations
      • Code of Good Practice
      • Agreement among artisanal fish farming
      • Comprehensive investigations
      • Habitat Feature Sensitivity Matrices
      • Ecosystem Service Tools
      • Ensure no adverse effects
      • Collaborative farming initiatives
      • Fishing practices limits
      • Mapping habitats
      • Criteria for fishing permissions
      • Target species restrictions
      • Use of new devices
      • Closed areas and closed seasons
      • Irregular closures for periodic harvesting
      • Changes in permitted activities
      • Minimum size/weight restrictions
      • Safety distance of the ETP and VME
      • Static gear
      • Involvement of local communities
      • Vessel mapping updated cartography
      • Gear marking
      • Notify authority in advance
      • Membership of fishing cooperative
      • Bird-scaring lines or Tori lines
      • Fisheries management recognizing traditional knowledge
      • Industrial fishery restrictions
      • Physical barriers
      • Closed areas to different levels of fishing
      • Benthic protection areas bottom trawling
      • Environmental performance reports
      • Plan and implement protected areas
      • Seabed mapping
      • Exclusion zones in archaeological features
      • Code for environmental management
      • Temporary reserve area
      • Study the environment
      • Circular Economy
      • Means for the returning of a species
      • Decommission
      • Regional Environmental Management Plans
      • Exclusion zones for sensitive features
      • Quantitative analysis
      • Voluntary Initiative for Information Sharing
      • Protocols of safe operation
      • Zoning scheme
      • Inclusive design
      • New solutions
      • leaving infrastructure with ecological community
      • Minimize sediment resuspension and noise
      • Burying/shielding cables
      • Nature enhancement
      • Implement effective monitoring practices
      • Burying submarine cables
      • Optimize land use
      • Vegetable-based hydraulic fluids
      • Vulnerable species assessment
      • Miminizing the use of slack or loose tether
      • Long lifespan of structures
      • Facilitate stakeholder engagement
      • Noise-deflecting devices
      • Buffer zones
      • Alternative installation methods
      • Sensitivity maps
      • Grid connections
      • Turbine layouts
      • Avoid major migration corridors and sensitive habitats
  • Operational Approaches
    • Dispersion and connectivity modelling
    • Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA)
    • Climate change impact assessment
    • Trade-off for MPA Design
    • Trait-based Vulnerability Assessment
    • Data sharing
    • Trade-off for MPA Design - Conservation and economic development
    • Trade-off for MPA Design - Short-term and long-term benefits
    • Trade-off for MPA Design - Exclusives uses and shared uses
    • Trade-off for MPA Design - Specific stakeholder interests
    • Trade-off for MPA Design - Local and global interests
    • Participatory mapping
    • Pressure assessment of MARine activities (PMAR) module
    • Tools4MSP CEA
    • HELCOM SPIA Tool
    • PlanWise4Blue
    • CC Analog Base Velocities
    • GFW - Global Fishing Watch
    • EMODnet
  • MSP Data Framework
    • Marine & Coastal Environment
      • Ecosystem
        • Species
        • Habitat
        • Ecosystems, including food webs
      • Pressure
        • Biological
        • Physical
        • Substances, litter and energy
      • Descriptor/Criteria
        • D1 Biodiversity - birds
        • D1 Biodiversity - mammals
        • D1 Biodiversity - reptiles
        • D1 Biodiversity - fish
        • D1 Biodiversity - cephalopods
        • D1 Biodiversity - pelagic habitats
        • D2 Non-indigenous species
        • D3 Commercial fish and shellfish
        • D4 Food webs/D1 Biodiversity - ecosystems
        • D5 Eutrophication
        • D6 Sea-floor integrity/D1 Biodiversity - benthic habitats
        • D7 Hydrographical changes
        • D8 Contaminants
        • D9 Contaminants in seafood
        • D10 Marine litter
        • D11 Energy, including underwater noise
        • D1C1 Mortality rate from incidental by-catch
        • D1C2 Population abundance
        • D1C3 Population demographic characteristics
        • D1C4 Population distributional range and pattern
        • D1C5 Habitat for the species
        • D1C6 Pelagic habitat condition
        • D2C1 Newly-introduced NIS
        • D2C2 Established NIS
        • D2C3 Adverse effects of NIS
        • D3C1 Fishing mortality rate (F)
        • D3C2 Spawning stock biomass (SSB)
        • D3C3 Population age/size distribution
        • D4C1 Trophic guild species diversity
        • D4C2 Abundance across trophic guilds
        • D4C3 Trophic guild size distribution
        • D4C4 Trophic guild productivity
        • D5C1 Nutrient concentrations
        • D5C2 Chlorophyll-a concentration
        • D5C3 Harmful algal blooms
        • D5C4 Photic limit
        • D5C5 Dissolved oxygen concentration
        • D5C6 Opportunistic macroalgae of benthic habitats
        • D5C7 Macrophyte communities of benthic habitats
        • D5C8 Macrofaunal communities of benthic habitats
        • D6C1 Physical loss of the seabed
        • D6C2 Physical disturbance to the seabed
        • D6C3 Adverse effects from physical disturbance
        • D6C4 Benthic habitat extent
        • D6C5 Benthic habitat condition
        • D7C1 Permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions
        • D7C2 Adverse effects from permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions
        • D8C1 Contaminant in environment
        • D8C2 Adverse effects of contaminants
        • D8C3 Significant acute pollution events
        • D8C4 Adverse effects of significant acute pollution events
        • D9C1 Contaminants in seafood
        • D10C1 Litter (excluding micro-litter)
        • D10C2 Micro-litter
        • D10C3 Litter ingested
        • D10C4 Adverse effects of litter
        • D11C1 Anthropogenic impulsive sound
        • D11C2 Anthropogenic continuous low-frequency sound
      • Species
      • Habitats
      • Physiography & Geology
      • Pressures
      • Ecological status
      • Chemical status
    • Oceanographic and Climate Change
      • Physics
        • Sea state
        • Ocean surface stress
        • Bathymetry
        • Sea ice
        • Sea surface height
        • Sea surface temperature
        • Subsurface temperature
        • Surface currents
        • Subsurface currents
        • Sea surface salinity
        • Subsurface salinity
        • Ocean surface heat flux
        • Waves
      • Biochemistry
        • Oxygen
        • Nutrients
        • Inorganic carbon
        • Transient tracers
        • Particulate matter
        • Ammonium
        • Nitrate
        • Stable carbon isotopes
        • Chlorophyll-a
    • Marine & Coastal Conservation and Designated sites
      • Internationally designated Protected Areas (marine and coastal)
      • Regionally designated Protected Areas (marine and coastal)
      • Nationally designated Protected Areas (marine and coastal)
      • Potential Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs)
      • Recognised areas of protection/conservation value
      • Yes
      • No
    • Maritime Activities and MSP
      • Aquaculture - Finfish
      • Aquaculture - Shellfish
      • Mining and quarrying - Oil & Gas
      • Mining and quarrying - Dredging
      • Mining and quarrying - Dumping
      • Professional fishing
      • Recreational fishing
      • Energy production - Renewable energy
      • Other industries - Desalination
      • Cultural entertainment and recreational services - Nautical sports
      • Cultural entertainment and recreational services - Beaches
      • Cultural entertainment and recreational services - Coastal tourism
      • Cultural entertainment and recreational services - Underwater cultural heritage
      • Transport - Harbours
      • Transport - Anchorage area
      • Transport - Maritime traffic
      • Transport - Transport trends
      • Logistic and storage services - Offshore supply
      • Utilities - Electricity gas and thermal power distribution services
      • Utilities - Waste treatment
      • Utilities - Water and sewage infrastructure
      • Utilities - Submarine outfall
      • Utilities - Submarine cables
      • Coastal infrastructures - Coastal defence works
      • Protected areas
      • Military areas
    • Coastal & Land use and planning
      • Land use / Land cover - Soil sealing-area
      • Land use / Land cover - Soil sealing-trend
      • Land use / Land cover - Land cover - Corine Land Cover
      • Land use / Land cover - Land cover - High Resolution Layer
      • Land use / Land cover - Land cover - Coast characteristics
      • Land use / Land cover - LC/LU-Coastal Zone hotspot thematic mapping
      • Land use / Land cover - Coastline
      • Planning - Strategic - National (EU regulated)
      • Planning - Strategic - National (others)
      • Planning - Strategic - Subnational
      • Planning - Strategic - Local
      • Planning - Coordination - Sub-national
      • Planning - Operational-Sub-National
      • Planning - Operational-Local
      • Coastline - Geomorphology
      • Coastline - Trends
    • Socio-economic
      • Fisheries and Aquaculture - Marine fishing - A0311
      • Fisheries and Aquaculture - Marine aquaculture - A0321
      • Fisheries and Aquaculture - Wholesale of other food, including fish, crustaceans and molluscs - G4638
      • Fisheries and Aquaculture - Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs - C1020
      • Extraction of oil and gas - Extraction of crude petroleum - B0610
      • Extraction of oil and gas - Extraction of natural gas - B0620
      • Extraction of oil and gas - Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction - B0910
      • Extraction of aggregates - Quarrying of ornamental and building stone, limestone, gypsum, chalk and slate - B0811
      • Extraction of aggregates - Operation of gravel and sand pits; mining of clays and kaolin - B0812
      • Extraction of aggregates - Other mining and quarrying - B0899
      • Seabed mining - Mining of iron ores - B0710
      • Seabed mining - Mining of uranium and thorium ores - B0721
      • Seabed mining - Mining of other non-ferrous metal ores - B0729
      • Seabed mining - Support services to other mining and quarrying - B0990
      • Maritime Transport - Sea and coastal passenger water transport - H5010
      • Maritime Transport - Sea and coastal freight water transport - H5020
      • Maritime Transport - Other transportation support activities - H5229
      • Maritime Transport - Rental and leasing services of water transport equipment - N7734
      • Ports - Warehousing and storage services - H5210
      • Ports - Service activities incidental to water transportation - H5222
      • Coastal Tourism - Land transport - H49
      • Coastal Tourism - Water transport - H50
      • Coastal Tourism - Air transport - H51
      • Coastal Tourism - Accommodation - I55
      • Coastal Tourism - Food and beverage service activities - I56
      • Coastal Tourism - Renting and leasing of motor vehicles, recreational and sports gods - N77
      • Coastal Tourism - Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities - N79
      • Coastal Tourism - Culture and entertainment - R90-92
      • Energy - Production of electricity - D3511
      • Military - Defence activities - O8422
      • Construction - Construction of water project - F4291
      • Economic
      • Social
      • Population growth
      • Population density
      • Unemployment in coastal areas
      • Employment rate
      • Income distribution
      • Migration patterns
    • Ecosystem Services
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.1.2 Fibres and other materials from cultivated plants, fungi, algae and bacteria for direct use or processing (excluding genetic materials)
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.1.3 Cultivated plants (including fungi, algae) grown as a source of energy
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.2.1 Plants cultivated by in- situ aquaculture grown for nutritional purposes
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.2.2 Fibres and other materials from in-situ aquaculture for direct use or processing (excluding genetic materials)
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.2.3 Plants cultivated by in- situ aquaculture grown as an energy source
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.3.1 Animals reared for nutritional purposes
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.3.2 Fibres and other materials from reared animals for direct use or processing (excluding genetic materials)
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.3.3 Animals reared to provide energy (including mechanical)
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.4.1 Animals reared by in-situ aquaculture for nutritional purposes
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.4.2 Fibres and other materials from animals grown by in-situ aquaculture for direct use or processing (excluding genetic materials)
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.4.3 Animals reared by in-situ aquaculture as an energy source
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.5.1 Wild plants (terrestrial and aquatic, including fungi, algae) used for nutrition
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.5.2 Fibres and other materials from wild plants for direct use or processing (excluding genetic materials)
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.5.3 Wild plants (terrestrial and aquatic, including fungi, algae) used as a source of energy
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.6.1 Wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) used for nutritional purposes
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.6.2 Fibres and other materials from wild animals for direct use or processing (excluding genetic materials)
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.1.6.3 Wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) used as a source of energy
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.2.1.1 Seeds, spores and other plant materials collected for maintaining or establishing a population
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.2.1.2 Higher and lower plants (whole organisms) used to breed new strains or varieties
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.2.1.3 Individual genes extracted from higher and lower plants for the design and construction of new biological entities
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.2.2.1 Animal material collected for the purposes of maintaining or establishing a population
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.2.2.2 Wild animals (whole organisms) used to breed new strains or varieties
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.2.2.3 Individual genes extracted from organisms for the design and construction of new biological entities
      • Provisioning (Biotic) - 1.3.X.X Other
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.1.1.1 Bio-remediation by micro-organisms, algae, plants, and animals
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.1.1.2 Filtration/sequestration/storage/accumulation by micro-organisms, algae, plants, and animals
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.1.2.1 Smell reduction
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.1.2.2 Noise attenuation
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.1.2.3 Visual screening
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.1.1 Control of erosion rates
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.1.2 Buffering and attenuation of mass movement
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.1.3 Hydrological cycle and water flow regulation (Including flood control, and coastal protection)
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.1.4 Wind protection
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.1.5 Fire protection
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.2.1 Pollination (or ‘gamete’ dispersal in a marine context)
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.2.2 Seed dispersal
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.2.3 Maintaining nursery populations and habitats (Including gene pool protection)
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.3.1 Pest control (including invasive species)
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.3.2 Disease control
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.4.1 Weathering processes and their effect on soil quality
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.4.2 Decomposition and fixing processes and their effect on soil quality
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.5.1 Regulation of the chemical condition of freshwaters by living processes
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.5.2 Regulation of the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.6.1 Regulation of chemical composition of atmosphere and oceans
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.6.2 Regulation of temperature and humidity, including ventilation and transpiration
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.3.X.X Other
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.1.1.1 Characteristics of living systems that that enable activities promoting health, recuperation or enjoyment through active or immersive interactions
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.1.1.2 Characteristics of living systems that enable activities promoting health, recuperation or enjoyment through passive or observational interactions
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.1.2.1 Characteristics of living systems that enable scientific investigation or the creation of traditional ecological knowledge
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.1.2.2 Characteristics of living systems that enable education and training
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.1.2.3 Characteristics of living systems that are resonant in terms of culture or heritage
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.1.2.4 Characteristics of living systems that enable aesthetic experiences
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.2.1.1 Elements of living systems that have symbolic meaning
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.2.1.2 Elements of living systems that have sacred or religious meaning
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.2.1.3 Elements of living systems used for entertainment or representation
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.2.2.1 Characteristics or features of living systems that have an existence value
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.2.2.2 Characteristics or features of living systems that have an option or bequest value
      • Cultural (Biotic) - 3.3.X.X Other
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.2.1.1 Surface water for drinking
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.2.1.2 Surface water used as a material (non-drinking purposes)
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.2.1.3 Freshwater surface water used as an energy source
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.2.1.4 Coastal and marine water used as energy source
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.2.2.1 Ground (and subsurface) water for drinking
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.2.2.2 Ground water (and subsurface) used as a material (non-drinking purposes)
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.2.2.3 Ground water (and subsurface) used as an energy source
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.2.X.X Other
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.3.1.1 Mineral substances used for nutritional purposes
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.3.1.2 Mineral substances used for material purposes
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.3.1.3 Mineral substances used for as an energy source
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.3.2.1 Non-mineral substances or ecosystem properties used for nutritional purposes
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.3.2.2 Non-mineral substances used for materials
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.3.2.3 Wind energy
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.3.2.4 Solar energy
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.3.2.5 Geothermal
      • Provisioning (Abiotic) - 4.3.2.6 Other
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Abiotic) - 5.1.1.1 Dilution by freshwater and marine ecosystems
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Abiotic) - 5.1.1.2 Dilution by atmosphere
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Abiotic) - 5.1.1.3 Mediation by other chemical or physical means (e.g. via Filtration, sequestration, storage or accumulation)
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Abiotic) - 5.1.2.1 Mediation of nuisances by abiotic structures or processes
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Abiotic) - 5.2.1.1 Mass flows
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Abiotic) - 5.2.1.2 Liquid flows
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Abiotic) - 5.2.1.3 Gaseous flows
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Abiotic) - 5.2.2.1 Maintenance and regulation by inorganic natural chemical and physical processes
      • Regulation & Maintenance (Abiotic) - 5.3.X.X Other
      • Cultural (Abiotic) - 6.1.1.1 Natural, abiotic characteristics of nature that enable active or passive physical and experiential interactions
      • Cultural (Abiotic) - 6.1.2.1 Natural, abiotic characteristics of nature that enable intellectual interactions
      • Cultural (Abiotic) - 6.2.1.1 Natural, abiotic characteristics of nature that enable spiritual, symbolic and other interactions
      • Cultural (Abiotic) - 6.2.2.1 Natural, abiotic characteristics or features of nature that have either an existence, option or bequest value
      • Cultural (Abiotic) - 6.3.X.X Other
    • Legal, Governance & Planning
      • Legal status / Maritime zones
      • Fisheries
      • Aquaculture
      • Oil & Gas
      • Offshore Renewable Energy
      • Maritime Transport and Ports
      • Military uses
      • Dredging and dumping of dredged materials
      • Coastal defence
      • Desalination
      • Coastal tourism
      • Nautical sports, leisure boating and marinas
      • Underwater cultural heritage
      • Safety and Surveillance
      • Environment (e.g. pollution and biodiversity)
      • Conservation (i.e. Protected areas)
      • Strategic - International
      • Strategic - EU
      • Strategic - National
      • Strategic - Regional
      • Legislation - International
      • Legislation - EU
      • Legislation - National
      • Legislation - Regional
      • Planning - International
      • Planning - EU
      • Planning - National
      • Planning - Regional
      • Administrative - National
      • Administrative - Regional
      • Enforcement - Motoring
      • Enforcement - Control
      • Judicial application - International
      • Judicial application - EU
      • Judicial application - National
      • Who is in charge?
    • Relevance
      • International - present - High
      • International - present - Medium
      • International - present - Low
      • International - future - High
      • International - future - Medium
      • International - future - Low
      • National - present - High
      • National - present - Medium
      • National - present - Low
      • National - future - High
      • National - future - Medium
      • National - future - Low
      • Sub-area - present - High
      • Sub-area - present - Medium
      • Sub-area - present - Low
      • Sub-area - future - High
      • Sub-area - future - Medium
      • Sub-area - future - Low
      • Local - present - High
      • Local - present - Medium
      • Local - present - Low
      • Local - future - High
      • Local - future - Medium
      • Local - future - Low
  • Datasets
    • EMODnet Seabed habitat map (EUSeaMap)
  • Application Examples
    • Marime Mammals & CC: NW Mediterranean prioritization for 2030
    • Application of the HELCOM SPIA Tool for HELCOM MPAs

MSP4Bio Test Sites:

  • Baltic Sea basin and Vistula Lagoon/Southern Baltic
  • Western Black Sea
  • Gulf of Cadiz
  • Belgian part of the North Sea
  • North-Western Mediterranean (NW-MED)
  • Azores Archipelago

Monitoring

  • Overall Statistics on ESE Framework
  • Statistics on ESE Questions
  • .rst

Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.2.2 Seed dispersal

Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.2.2 Seed dispersal#

CICES classes

Parent

  • Ecosystem Services

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Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic) - 2.2.2.3 Maintaining nursery populations and habitats (Including gene pool protection)

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