Q 10 - How to protect marine mammals?#

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Notes

The objective is to contribute to reach the Biodiversity targets 2030 in general.

Answers#

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Operational approaches

ESE1 - Ecological toolkit#

Practices: Scoping Data collection and presentation Analysis and diagnosis Prioritisation and designation Implementation and management
Spatial scales: Transboundary / sea basin National Regional / local
Protection regimes: Non-strict protection
Marine zones: Coastal zone Offshore zone
Applications: Marime Mammals & CC: NW Mediterranean prioritization for 2030

Criteria classes: 1.1.1 Vulnerability 1.1.3 Functional hotspots 1.1.4. Life cycle critical areas

Criteria

Operational approaches: (Method) Trait-based Vulnerability Assessment

Implementation details

For more information on this answer, please refer to question 52 - “How to protect pelagic habitats”?

Specific considerations on the scoping phase:

  1. Spatio-temporal scale of the analysis: Projections need to be first “Near Term” and limited to the Med Sea (so the considered stressor is mainly Sea Surface Temperature regarding actual data availability and knowledge.)

  2. Type of output application: the output should be a metric that could be ranked (score or quantitative) as the main purpose of the question is to compare and prioritize species. Trait-based vulnerability assessment is suitable as it will evaluate the influence of climate change on the species and provide a metric for comparison.

  3. Expertise/Complexity of the model application: Marine mammals are moving species that will probably move before presenting the appearance of adaptations to climate change. Moreover, near-term questions are less likely to induce evolutionary process. For these reasons, a trait-based vulnerability assessment based only on Sensitivity criteria is particularly suitable to compare the near-term answers between species and will be selected to feed the macro-criterion Vulnerability in the Analysis and Diagnosis Practices. The selection of a single criterion among the criteria feeding the Vulnerability macro-criterion will respect the parsimony approach (simple equation) and lead to an acceptable level of uncertainty.

  4. Final output of the scoping: the output of the scoping will be to use a Trait-based vulnerability assessment based only on Sensitivity criteria to sea surface temperature.

Other stressors could be considered for long-term projection such as deoxygenation and bathymetry.

Generic recommandations: - Focus on speed limits inside MPA and in known key life-cycle areas and migration routes. To support the identification of key life-cycle areas and migration routes, use the criteria Ecological corridors/Migration routes, Nurseries and breeding grounds and Developmental and Feeding/Foraging habitats. Other criteria can be found in the macrocriterion Functional Hotspots (Presence of key functional species and areas). These criteria can be found in the D3.4 (c.f. notes).

MSPdF Classification: Marine & Coastal Environment -> Ecosystem: Species Marine & Coastal Environment -> Ecosystem: Habitat Marine & Coastal Environment -> Ecosystem: Ecosystems, including food webs Marine & Coastal Environment -> Pressure: Biological Marine & Coastal Environment -> Pressure: Physical Marine & Coastal Environment -> Pressure: Substances, litter and energy Maritime Activities and MSP

Notes

See example of application of Life-cycle critical areas and Functional Hotspots macrocriteria in D3.4 - Kotta et al. (2024) Ecological toolkit (ESE1) for MPAs prioritization and networking. Deliverable

See example of application of vulnerability macrocriterion in D3.4 - Kotta et al. (2024) Ecological toolkit (ESE1) for MPAs prioritization and networking. Deliverable – D3.4., under the WP3 of MSP4BIO project (GA n° 101060707)

Cambra et al (2024). Guidance for including climate change scenarios in protection and prioritization strategies for Marine Protected Areas development. Deliverable D3.3, under the WP3 of MSP4BIO project (GA n° 101060707)

Applications