Q 59 - What is the impact of CC on marine mammals?#

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Operational approaches

ESE1 - Ecological toolkit#

Practices: Scoping Data collection and presentation Analysis and diagnosis Prioritisation and designation
Spatial scales: Transboundary / sea basin National
Protection regimes: Strict protection Non-strict protection
Marine zones: Offshore zone

Criteria classes: 1.1.1 Vulnerability 1.1.3 Functional hotspots 1.1.4. Life cycle critical areas

Criteria

Operational approaches: (Method) Climate change impact assessment

Implementation details

The dependence of marine mammals on the air-sea surface realm makes them sensitive to different types of CC stressors (more information on Sensitivity traits could be found in CAMBRA et al., 2024 and inner bibliography). Some reviews were written about the incidence of CC on marine mammals (see notes as example), we nevertheless highly recommend that you perform your own literature review regarding your targeted species and the complexity of analysis you would like to reach (e.g., including only direct stressors on individuals, life-cycle critical areas or prey-predators interactions by performing a risk assessment for the main prey of your targeted species). Considering the highly mobile nature of marine mammals and the integration of connectivity elements in several macro-criteria, many of the inner criteria of Life cycle critical areas and Functional hotspots (Presence of key functional species) can be applied for cetaceans, such as identifying and protecting areas where they breed, feed and those used as nursery/developmental areas. Follow the scoping phase to support you to define the framework of analysis and consult the guidance (CAMBRA et al., 2024) to assess the Vulnerability macro-criterion.

Notes

Cambra et al (2024). Guidance for including climate change scenarios in protection and prioritization strategies for Marine Protected Areas development. Deliverable D3.3, under the WP3 of MSP4BIO project (GA n°101060707)

Frances M.D. Gulland, Jason D. Baker, Marian Howe, Erin LaBrecque, Lauri Leach, Sue E. Moore, Randall R. Reeves, Peter O. Thomas, A review of climate change effects on marine mammals in United States waters: Past predictions, observed impacts, current research and conservation imperatives, Climate Change Ecology, Volume 3, 2022, 100054, ISSN 2666-9005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecochg.2022.100054.