Q 59 - What is the impact of CC on marine mammals?#

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Answers#

skinparam classFontColor automatic skinparam componentStyle rectangle skinparam roundCorner 15 scale 4/5 hide stereotype <style> element { MaximumWidth 150 MinimumWidth 150 HorizontalAlignment center } .ety { MinimumWidth 20 BackGroundColor #00000000 FontColor #00000000 LineColor #00000000 FontSize 1 Padding 0 Margin 0 } </style> package Practices { [Scoping] as p1 [[/elements/practices/practice1]] #ADD1B2 [Data collection and presentation] as p2 [[/elements/practices/practice2]] #ADD1B2 [Analysis and diagnosis] as p3 [[/elements/practices/practice3]] #ADD1B2 [Prioritisation and designation] as p4 [[/elements/practices/practice4]] #ADD1B2 [Implementation and management] as p5 [[/elements/practices/practice5]] #DDDDDD [Monitoring and evaluation] as p6 [[/elements/practices/practice6]] #DDDDDD (E1) <<ety>> (E2) <<ety>> (E3) <<ety>> (E4) <<ety>> (E5) <<ety>> (E6) <<ety>> (E7) <<ety>> (E8) <<ety>> p1 -[thickness=5]-> p2 p2 -[thickness=5]-> p3 p3 -[thickness=5]-> p4 p4 -[thickness=5]-> p5 p5 -[thickness=5]-> p6 } package OperationalApproaches { [Climate change impact assessment] as op11 [[/elements/operational_approaches/operational_approach11]] #GoldenRod op11 -[#001c7f,thickness=2]-> p1 op11 -[#001c7f,thickness=2]-> p2 op11 -[#001c7f,thickness=2]-> p3 op11 -[#001c7f,thickness=2]-> p4 } OperationalApproaches -right[hidden]- Practices

Operational approaches

ESE1 - Ecological toolkit#

Practices: Scoping Data collection and presentation Analysis and diagnosis Prioritisation and designation
Spatial scales: Transboundary / sea basin National
Protection regimes: Strict protection Non-strict protection
Marine zones: Offshore zone

Criteria classes: 1.1.1 Vulnerability 1.1.3 Functional hotspots 1.1.4. Life cycle critical areas

Criteria

Operational approaches: (Method) Climate change impact assessment

Implementation details

To answer this question, it is important to define the target of the analysis. Through the Scoping phase (step “setting the assessment” Deliverable 3.3, page 21), define the species of marine mammals, the marine region and the spatial and temporal scale of the assessment. Once the targets of the analysis are defined, analyze species traits and their sensitivity (page 58), vulnerability, adaptivity (page 93) as a proxy to identify the potential impacts on climate change on the target species. The analysis is performed not only including direct stressors on individuals, but also considering indirect effects of climate change on mammals life cycles by analyzing exposure to climatic stressors on life-cycle critical areas (e.g., feeding areas, reproducing areas), and also climate-induced effects on prey, which can affect predator-prey interactions of mammals. The analysis can be performed qualitatively, considering available knowledge from peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as local ecological knowledge, or quantitatively considering modeling tools (ref. to ESE1 – Deliverable 3.4, Decision Support Tools ). Another strategy is to run an exposure assessment (Deliverable 3.3., section 3.2, page 38) to analyze the disturbance of climatic stressors on the habitats of mammals. The analysis can be run also adopting climate velocities metrics (Deliverable 3.3, page 53) depending on the skills and budget available. Depending on the highly mobile nature of marine mammals and their role in connecting marine ecosystems, several functional criteria (ESE1 - Deliverable 3.2) are critical in the vulnerability assessment, such as life cycle critical areas and functional hotspots (presence of key functional species).

References

  • Bongiorni L., Bekaert M., Jusufovski D., Bocci M., Gissi E., Magaldi M., Sciascia R., Rombouts I., Costa A., Barbanti A., Pınarbaşı K., Withouck I., Kotta J., Whatley L., Barboza F.R. (2023) Portfolio of improved ecological criteria to be applied in biodiversity protection and restoration for project testing sites. Deliverable – D3.2., under the WP3 of MSP4BIO project (GA n° 101060707)

  • Cambra E., Conversi A., Whatley L., Menegon S., Beckaert M., Bongiorni L., Calado H., Pinarbasi K., Barboza F., Lauri K., Sciascia R., Cristina A., Marasovic T, Boudy C., Alloncle N., Gissi E. (2024). Guidance for including climate change scenarios in protection and prioritization strategies for Marine Protected Areas development. Deliverable D3.3, under the WP3 of MSP4BIO project (GA n°101060707)

  • Ecological toolkit (ESE1) for MPAs prioritization and networking. Deliverable – D3.4., under the WP3 of MSP4BIO project (GA n° 101060707).